These were made of stone or clay and secured to the ground with a peg in the center, but required significant effort to turn. One of the earliest examples was discovered at Tepe Pardis, Iran, and dated to 5200–4700 BCE. Precursors of wheels, known as "tournettes" or "slow wheels", were known in the Middle East by the 5th millennium BCE. The Halaf culture of 6500–5100 BCE is sometimes credited with the earliest depiction of a wheeled vehicle, but this is doubtful as there is no evidence of Halafians using either wheeled vehicles or even pottery wheels.
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The invention of the solid wooden disk wheel falls into the late Neolithic, and may be seen in conjunction with other technological advances that gave rise to the early Bronze Age. It is not known whether Chinese and Europeans invented the wheel independently or not. Evidence of early usage of wheeled carts have been found across the Middle East, in Europe, Eastern Europe, and China.
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However, unlike other breakthrough inventions, the wheel cannot be attributed to a single nor several inventors. Mesopotamian civilization is credited with the invention of the wheel. The place and time of the invention of the wheel remains unclear, because the oldest hints do not guarantee the existence of real wheeled transport, or are dated with too much scatter.
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The English word wheel comes from the Old English word hweol, hweogol, from Proto-Germanic * hwehwlan, *hwegwlan, from Proto-Indo-European * k wek wlo-, an extended form of the root * k wel- "to revolve, move around".Ĭognates within Indo-European include Icelandic hjól "wheel, tyre", Greek κύκλος kúklos, and Sanskrit chakra, the latter two both meaning "circle" or "wheel".